Who Is at Risk. Patients in intensive care, for example, might experience toxicity from either of the following: Excessively large or rapidly infused intravenous injections of propylene glycol-containing medications Horinek et al. Biological Fate. Metabolites Propylene glycol is metabolized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase to lactic acid, and then pyruvic acid. Both of these metabolites are normal constituents of the citric acid cycle and are further metabolized to carbon dioxide and water.
Half-life In adults with normal liver and kidney function, the terminal half-life of propylene glycol ranges from 1. Toxicological Effects at a Glance. Iatrogenic propylene glycol overdose can cause the following: Hyperosmolality and an anion gap metabolic acidosis, often accompanied by acute kidney injury, and potential multisystem organ failure Arroliga et al.
Yaucher et al. Clinical Evaluation. Propylene glycol toxicity should be suspected in any patient receiving medication that contains propylene glycol as a diluent or solvent and who has hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, acute kidney injury, or a clinical scenario similar to sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome SIRS Zar et al.
Standards and Regulations. No workplace or environmental standards govern propylene glycol. Key Points. Various foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products contain propylene glycol.
Propylene glycol is metabolized to compounds that are normal constituents of the citric acid cycle. Propylene glycol toxicity generally is not a factor in environmental or occupational exposures. Iatrogenic propylene glycol overdose is the most common cause of propylene glycol poisoning. The major toxicological effects of propylene glycol poisoning include the following: Hyperosmolality Elevated lactate Refractory hypotension Arrhythmias Hemolysis Renal dysfunction Because this disorder is iatrogenic, prevention by limiting the dosage of propylene glycol given to patients in the intensive care unit might be the best treatment.
More Related Links. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. One interesting case study followed a year-old woman diagnosed with pneumonia.
After discontinuing the drug that poisoned her body, her condition stabilized for a period of time, but she later died after her condition deteriorated again. Perhaps the most concerning part of constant propylene glycol exposure is the way that it may provide other chemicals a free pass into your bloodstream. Considering the large amount of dangerous chemicals we encounter on a regular basis, this may be of even more danger than the compound itself.
So, although propylene glycol may not be as terrifying as some people claim, it does have enough red flags to cause me to recommend avoiding it. As a food additive, at least one study has said that it should be avoided. In order to protect your general health, hormone balance and overall chemical exposure, there are a few ways to avoid propylene glycol when possible.
Make use of it! A great number of cosmetics include propylene glycol, but in the U. Lotions and baby wipes also make the list of products that commonly contain this chemical. Other common personal care items on that list might include:. Most natural alternatives to propylene glycol involve choosing foods and cosmetics free of the substance.
However, feel free to use some of the recipes on my website to create homemade salad dressings and guilt-free and chemical-free desserts. You can also use raw butter instead of margarine for an immediate health booster to your cooking.
Because household cleaners often contain propylene glycol, I encourage you to try my Homemade House Cleaner recipe. As electronic cigarettes also contain large amounts of propylene glycol, e-cigarette users may also try the alternative of vegetable glycerin e-cigarettes, the organic alternative — though I recommend quitting smoking entirely, of course. Josh Axe is on a mission to provide you and your family with the highest quality nutrition tips and healthy recipes in the world What Is Propylene Glycol?
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Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. It is typically odorless, tasteless, and colorless and its texture is somewhat oily or syrupy. Propylene glycol is an alcohol that absorbs water and mixes completely with many solvents. Rather the term organic compound refers to the fact that it contains carbon. Propylene glycol can be created in two different ways. It is primarily made by treating propylene oxide—a chemical produced from refining petroleum—with water.
Propylene glycol can also be obtained from glycerol, a major byproduct of the biodiesel production process. This kind of propylene glycol is mainly used for industrial purposes like making plastic or antifreeze. Propylene glycol is used in a variety of products and manufacturing processes. Propylene glycol is widely used as a solvent in drug manufacturing. Propylene glycol is also used as a carrier in drug formulations. Active ingredients can be formulated in it and delivered to the body through it.
Finally, it is used to dilute and stabilize medicines. Propylene glycol can be used in different forms of drugs including oral drugs like capsules and tablets, topical drugs like creams and gels, and intravenous injected drugs. Propylene glycol is a commonly found ingredient in cosmetic, personal, and skin care products. It is in anywhere from Some of these functions are:. The use of propylene glycol in foods is common and generally considered to be safe. When consumed, propylene glycol breaks down in the body quite quickly —within 48 hours—and is changed to a source of energy.
Amounts of it that are not broken down and metabolized are passed out of the body in urine. Propylene glycol is safe for consumption and the FDA approves its use in food at certain concentrations.
For dairy products and all other food products, the maximum concentrations of propylene glycol are 2. Propylene glycol drops the freezing point of water and water-based liquids, making it effective as an antifreeze.
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